Problem solving is closely related to the notion of critical thinking.

To think critically means to be curious, to ask questions, to seek answers, to search for causes and implications, to find alternatives to already established attitudes, to adopt a position on the basis of reasoned justification and to logically argue the arguments of others.

The methods for critical thinking development are integrated into a specific teaching-learning framework, structured in three phases:

1. Evoking – students are asked to remember what they know or what they think, they know about the topic to be addres
2. Making sense – Students get in touch with new content
3. Reflection – marks the moment when students truly acquire new knowledge, expressing them in their own words